It is part of the upper motor neurone syndrome manifesting as increased tone, clonus, spasms, spastic dystonia and cocontractions. Kadies, the management of pain in spasticity, disability and rehabilitation, vol. Spasticity pathogenesis, prevention and treatment strategies. Stratified management approach european journal of neurology 2002, 9 suppl. Additional tests such as electromyography for evaluation of motor neuron. Spasticity is increased, involuntary, velocitydependent muscle tone that causes resistance to movement. The condition develops gradually, reaching its maximum extent long after the initial injury occurs. The condition may occur secondary to a disorder or trauma, such as a tumor, a stroke, multiple sclerosis ms, cerebral palsy, or a spinal cord, brain, or peripheral nerve injury. Spasticity is the velocitydependent increase in muscle tone due to the exaggeration of stretch reflex.
Clinical evaluation and management of spasticity pthomegroup. Clinical management of spasticity journal of neurology. Current spasticity management options include the following. Spasticity management with a focus on rehabilitation pdf. Spasticity can cause pain and abnormal posture, as well as difficulty with movement, selfcare, and other activities of daily living. Demystifying spasticity in primary care canadian family physician. Pdf spasticity is common in many neurological disorders, such as stroke and multiple sclerosis. Measure of resistance to passive movement 1 is not a measure of spasticity, but scores may by influenced by spasticity 2 is performed at one speed only onesecond1, so does not capture the velocitydependent component of spasticity good screening tool to indicate when further assessment needed 1. Overview of treatment and rehabilitation for spasticity.
Spasticity is common in many neurological disorders, such as stroke and multiple sclerosis. It is also the dominant feature in several rarer conditions such as tropical and hereditary spastic paraparesis. The natural stretch reflex is a reflex pathway that originates in the. Physical and pharmacological treatments can reduce pain and discomfort without compromising function spasticity is a common symptom seen in many neurological conditions, notably head injury, spinal cord injury, stroke, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. Spasticity either injury to the brain or spinal cord can cause spasticity. Second, the pathophysiology of motor disorder following stroke must be explored in order to improve rehabilitation and clarify outcomes. Introduction spasticity is defined as disordered sensorimotor control resulting from an upper motor neurone umn lesion, presenting as intermittent or sustained involuntary activation of muscles.
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